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| 1815 |
| | | The Spanish recover Bogotá yet again and Bolívar flees into exile in Jamaica | |
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| 1816 |
| | | The independence of Argentina is formally proclaimed, dropping any pretence of remaining loyal to the Spanish king | |
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| 1817 |
| | | San Martín and O'Higgins lead an army through the Andes into Chile and capture Santiago | |
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| 1817 |
| | | O'Higgins is elected the 'supreme director' of independent Chile after San Martín declines the post | |
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| 1817 |
| | | Bolívar returns to Venezuela and builds up an army of liberation in a remote region up the Orinoco | |
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| 1819 |
| | | Bolívar marches his army across the Andes, captures Bogotá and proclaims the republic of Gran Colombia | |
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| 1820 |
| | | The newly independent republic of Argentina takes possession of Las Islas Malvinas (the Falklands) | |
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| 1821 |
| | | San Martín enters Lima and proclaims Peruvian independence with himself as 'Protector' | |
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| 1821 |
| | | Bolívar defeats the Spanish at Carabobo and liberates, for the second time, his native city of Caracas | |
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| 1821 |
| | | A reactionary movement led by Agustín de Iturbide wins new and lasting independence for Mexico | |
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